[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/znate-svoje-telo\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/znate-svoje-telo\/","headline":"Zn\u00e1te svoje t\u011blo?","name":"Zn\u00e1te svoje t\u011blo?","description":"Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat by se m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1le, a\u0165 je mu 10 nebo 50 let. Spoustu jsme se toho nau\u010dili ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v\u00edme mnoh\u00e9 o vesm\u00edru, oce\u00e1nu, … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1le ›<\/a><\/span>","datePublished":"2025-02-26","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"bittova.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df9d3e7f7fe4622e291ec02ac46f5f76755ddc91019a65e783baee3892394402?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/df9d3e7f7fe4622e291ec02ac46f5f76755ddc91019a65e783baee3892394402?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bittova.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301313_w2017_t1511382219.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301313_w2017_t1511382219.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/znate-svoje-telo\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":485,"articleBody":"Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat by se m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk st\u00e1le, a\u0165 je mu 10 nebo 50 let. Spoustu jsme se toho nau\u010dili ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v\u00edme mnoh\u00e9 o vesm\u00edru, oce\u00e1nu, zemsk\u00e9m nitru, ale v\u00edme toho dost o tom co je n\u00e1m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed\u00a0 – o sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm t\u011ble? T\u0159eba o kostech a svalech?Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed v\u00fdtvor. Dok\u00e1\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu r\u016fzn\u00fdch pohyb\u016f a \u00fakon\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako t\u011bla ostatn\u00edch obratlovc\u016f je pohyb lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla zalo\u017een na slo\u017eit\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu sval\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 k\u00a0pevn\u00e9, av\u0161ak pohybliv\u00e9 kost\u0159e.KostraLidsk\u00e1 kostra v\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00e9m v\u011bku je tvo\u0159ena 207 kostmi. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jsou dv\u011b stehenn\u00ed kosti, kter\u00e9 jsou spojeny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u00e1nve s\u00a0p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed jsou kosti t\u0159m\u00ednku, kter\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed p\u0159enosu zvukumezi u\u0161n\u00edm bub\u00ednkem a vnit\u0159n\u00edm uchem.\u017debra zpravidla nem\u011bn\u00ed polohu a tvo\u0159\u00ed ochrann\u00fd ko\u0161 kolem vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.Lidsk\u00e1 kostra se d\u00e1 obecn\u011b rozd\u011blit na tyto \u010d\u00e1sti:1.lidsk\u00e1\u00a0osov\u00e1 kostra\u00a0(axi\u00e1ln\u00ed skelet)\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u00e1te\u0159\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kostra\u00a0hrudn\u00edku, tj.\u00a0\u017eebra\u00a0s\u00a0kost\u00ed hrudn\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kostra\u00a0hlavy, tj.\u00a0lebka,\u00a0sluchov\u00e9 k\u016fstky\u00a0a\u00a0jazylka2. lidsk\u00e1 kostra kon\u010detin (apendikul\u00e1rn\u00ed skelet)\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kostra horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny \u010dlov\u011bka\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kostra doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny \u010dlov\u011bkaLebka Lebka dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bk je tvo\u0159ena 22 kostmi. Osm kost\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed mozkovnu \u2013 kost\u011bn\u00e9 pouzdro mozku. Pouze doln\u00ed \u010delist (mandibula) je schopna pohybu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje lidem j\u00edst a mluvit.KloubyKlouby jsou \u010d\u00e1sti kostry, kde se spojuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 kosti. D\u00edky kloub\u016fm je kostra ohebn\u00e1 a kon\u010detiny a ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla se mohou pohybovat. Ramenn\u00ed a ky\u010deln\u00ed kloub pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kulov\u00e9 klouby. Loketn\u00ed, kolenn\u00ed a prstov\u00e9 klouby pat\u0159\u00ed mezi kladkov\u00e9 klouby.KolenaTyto klouby odd\u011bluj\u00ed horn\u00ed a doln\u00ed polovinu nohy. Konce kost\u00ed jsou pokryty vrstvou chrupavky, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed. \u010c\u00e9\u0161ka (patella) je mal\u00e1 kost, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed koleno p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm.Svalov\u00e1 soustavaV\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble je p\u0159es 600v\u016fl\u00ed ovladateln\u00fdch sval\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pohyb rukou, nohou a podobn\u011b. Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed neovladateln\u00e9 svaly \u2013 srde\u010dn\u00ed sval a hladk\u00e9 svalstvo (nap\u0159\u00edklad ve st\u0159evech), ty pracuj\u00ed automaticky.Stavba sval\u016fSvaly jsou tvo\u0159eny miliony svalov\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 svalov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed b\u00edlkovinn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vlastn\u00ed stah \u010di uvoln\u011bn\u00ed svalu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd svazek vl\u00e1ken je obalen pojivovou tk\u00e1n\u00ed.Jak svaly pracuj\u00edSvaly maj\u00ed schopnost kontrakce (zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed, stahov\u00e1n\u00ed) a relaxace (uvoln\u011bn\u00ed) v\u00a0nep\u0159ebern\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed. V\u016fl\u00ed ovladateln\u00e9 svaly se zkracuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e dostanou sign\u00e1ly prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nerv\u016f z\u00a0mozku. 4.3\/5 - (9 votes) "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Zn\u00e1te svoje t\u011blo?","item":"https:\/\/www.bittova.cz\/znate-svoje-telo\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]